Morpho-Semantic of Predicate in Indonesian
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1204.24Keywords:
argument, predicate, semantic, valance, verbAbstract
Semantically, a predicate is not always filled in by verbs. This study aims to discover and describe the predicate category and the number of arguments each predicate has in the Indonesian language. This study's data were taken from informants and the daily newspaper 'Bali Post'. The collected data were analyzed by applying deductive and inductive approaches. The result shows that Indonesian's predicate can be filled in by verb and non-verb categories: noun, adjective, preposition, and numeral. The predicate of the Indonesian sentences can be classified into the valency-one predicate, valency-two predicate, and valency-three predicate. Besides, there are several intransitive and transitive predicates in the Indonesian language, followed by a clause. Each of those finding is explained in detail in this article.
References
Abbasova, E. (2014). The issues of modality in the Azerbaijani linguistics and study of Turkic language (Turkology). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 152, 1252–1255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.360
Akanya, J., & Omachonu, C. G. (2019). Meaning and semantic roles of words in context. International Journal of English Language and Linguistics Research, 7(2), 1–9.
Alazzawie, A. (2016). An agree-based account of verbless copula sentences in Standard Arabic. Ampersand, 3, 151–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amper.2016.08.001
Alwi, H., Dardjowidjojo, S., Lapoliwa, H., & Moeliono, A. M. (1993). Tata bahasa baku Bahasa Indonesia. Perum Balai Pustaka.
Arka, I. W. (2013). On the typology and syntax of TAM in Indonesian. Tense, Aspect, Mood and Evidentiality in Languages of Indonesia, 23–40.
Baker, M. C. (2003). Lexical Categories: Verbs, Nouns, and Adjectives. Cambridge University Press.
Bussman, H. (2006). Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics.
Čech, R., Pajas, P., & Mačutek, J. (2010). Full valency: Verb valency without distinguishing complements and adjuncts. Journal of Quantitative Linguistics, 17(4), 291–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/09296174.2010.512162
Demirezen, M. (2013). The recognition of extended simple sentences as a teaching writing problem. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 560–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.01.093
Dixon, R. M. W. (2005). A Semantic Approach to English Grammar. Oxford University Press.
Dixon, R. M. W. (2010). Basic Linguistic Theory. Oxford University Press.
Gulö, I. (2019). Predicates of Indonesian and English simple sentences. TEKNOSASTIK, 15(2), 76. https://doi.org/10.33365/ts.v15i2.102
Kartika, D., Edel, E. E., & Atmazaki. (2019). Grammatical comparison of noun: Indonesian and Japanese. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(5), 522–527. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7560
Kreidler, C. W. (1998). Introducing English Semantics. Routledge.
Kroeger, P. (2007). Morphosyntactic vs. morphosemantic functions of Indonesian-kan. Architecture, Rules, and Preferences: Variations on Themes of Joan Bresnan, 1(1992), 229–251. http://gial.edu/personnel/kroeger/Indon-2-kan-JB-prepub.pdf
Kroeger, P. R. (2005). Analyzing Grammar: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press.
Luuk, E. (2010). Nouns, verbs and flexibles: implications for typologies of word classes. Language Sciences, 32(3), 349–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2009.02.001
Matthews, P. H. (1981). Syntax. Cambridge University Press.
Miozzo, M., Rawlins, K., & Rapp, B. (2014). How verbs and non-verbal categories navigate the syntax/semantics interface: Insights from cognitive neuropsychology. Cognition, 133(3), 621–640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2014.08.004
Moeljadi, D., Bond, F., & da Costa, L. M. (2016). Basic copula clauses in Indonesian. Proceedings of the Joint 2016 Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar and Lexical Functional Grammar, 442–456.
Polinsky, M., & Magyar, L. (2020). Headedness and the lexicon: The case of verb-to-noun ratios. Languages, 5(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages5010009
Richards, J. C., & Schmidt, R. W. (2010). Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics (Fourth Edi). Longman.
Saeed, J. I. (1997). Semantics. Blackwell Publishers Inc.
Valin, R. D. Van, & LaPolla, R. J. (2001). Syntax: structure, meaning, and function (Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics). In Journal of Linguistics (Vol. 37, Issue 3, pp. 627–649). Cambridge University Press ({CUP}). https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022226701291361
Yeo, S. (2008). Morphosyntax of predicates and syntactic categories in Korean. Lingua, 118(3), 332–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2007.07.001
