The Adaptation of the Western Perspective (Don DeLillo) on Terrorism in Fadia Faqir’s Willow Trees Don’t Weep

Authors

  • Wasil Ali Alhwayan Middle East University
  • Nasaybah W. Awajan Middle East University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1401.19

Keywords:

terrorism, Falling Man, Faqir, DeLillo, adoption

Abstract

The study aims to identify how the American author, Don DeLillo presents Arab Muslims in his novel Falling Man, likewise explores how the Jordanian-British, Fadia Faqir, presents Arab Muslims by adopting the Western Perspective of them in her novel Willow Trees Don’t Weep. To achieve the objectives of the study, the theory of Post-colonialism is used, and specifically the views of Edward Said on Orientalism are applied to both novels. The study concludes by presenting how both authors - Don DeLillo as a Westerner and Fadia Faqir as an Arab - present their Arab Muslim characters as terrorists in their respective works Falling Man and Willow Trees Don’t Weep.

Author Biographies

Wasil Ali Alhwayan, Middle East University

English Language and Literature Department

Nasaybah W. Awajan, Middle East University

English Language and Literature Department

References

Abu-Samra, R. M. (2016). Identity Crisis: A Comparative Study between Antoinette in Jean Rhys' Wide Sargasso Sea and Nazneen in Monica Ali's Brick Lane. Middle East University.

Ahmad, E. (2011). Terrorism: theirs & ours. Seven Stories Press.

Ahmed, L. (1992). Women and gender in Islam: historical roots of a modern debate. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Akram, S. M. (2000). Orientalism revisited in asylum and refugee claims. International Journal of Refugee Law, 12(1), 7-40.

Aldalala’a, N. (2013). Contesting the Story? Plotting the Terrorist in Don DeLillo’s Falling Man. Jordan Journal of Modern Languages and Literature, 5(1), 71-84.

Alenezi, M. S. (2019). Shifting Paradigms of Post-colonialism Theory: Internal Concerns of post-2000 Anglophone Arab Fiction Doctoral dissertation, Middle Tennessee State University. ‏

Alghamdi, E. A. (2015). The Representation of Islam in Western Media: The Coverage of Norway Terrorist Attacks. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 4(3), 198-204.

Allani, C. (2017). 'Nature in Naomi Shihab Nye’s Works: A Vehicle for Creating Peace'. AWEJ for translation & Literacy Studies, 1(3), 32-45.

Asatryan, E. (2012). The Peculiarities of Chronotope in Don DeLillo’s Novel “Falling Man”. ARMENIAN FOLIA ANGLISTIKA, 131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46991/AFA/2012.8.1-2.131

Bamia, A. A. (1991). Opening the Gates: A century of Arab feminist writing. ‏ DOI:10.1353/jowh.2010.0111

Bhabha, H. (1994). The Location of Culture. London: Routledge.

Bin Othman, M. F., binti Osman, N., & Mohammed, I. S. (2021, December). Understanding The Misconception About Arabs, Arabic Language, Islam and The Muslims. In Conference Proceeding (p. 119).

Bouterra, Y. (2002). Language and style in Fadia Faqir's pillars of salt. (Online), Retrieved on 30 October 2021 from: http://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/mjiyad/forum/messages/211.shtml

Butt. M. U. (2001). Portrayal of Islam and Muslims in Hollywood movies, Unpublished Thesis Institute of Communication studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore.

Dizayi, S. A. H. (2015, February). The crisis of identity in postcolonial novel. In INTCESS15–2nd International Conference on Education and Social Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.

Djafri, Y. (2021). Interrogating The Native’s Otherness in Willow Trees Don’t Weep (2014). In The Poetics of the Native, edited by Yosra Amraoui and Bootheina Majoul. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2021, pp. 95-108.

El‐Aswad, E. S. (2013). Images of Muslims in Western Scholarship and Media after 9/11. Digest of Middle East Studies, 22(1), 39-56.

Elayan, Y. (2005). Stereotypes of Arab and Arab-Americans Presented in Hollywood Movies Released During 1994 to 2000 (Doctoral dissertation, Thesis / Dissertation ETD, 2005) (pp. 1-66). East Tennessee State University.

El-gousi, H. S. E. D. A. (2010). Women's rights in Islam and contemporary Ulama: Limitations and constraints. (Egypt as case study) (Doctoral dissertation, University of Leeds).

Erikson, E. (1980). Identity and the life cycle. New York, NY: W.W. Norton.

Gayatri, S. (2015). The Body and Beyond: Representation of Body Politics in" My Name Is Salma" by Fadia Faqir. de genere-Rivista di studi letterari, postcoloniali e di genere, (1).

Halliday, F. (1995): Islam and the myth of confrontation. Religion and politics in the Middle East. I.B. Tauris Publishers, New York.

Hamada, B. I. (2001). The Arab image in the minds of western image-makers. Journal of International Communication, 7(1), 7-35.‏

Hantke, S. (2003). “‘God save us from the bourgeois adventure’: The Figure of the Terrorist in Contemporary American Conspiracy Fiction.” Studies in the Novel. 28.2, 219-243. Print.

Harb, S. (2012). Arab American Women’s Writing and September 11: Contrapuntality and Associative Remembering. MELUS: MultiEthnic Literature of the United States, 37(3), 13-41.

Hardack, R. (2004). Two’s A Crowd: Mao II, Coke II, and the Politics of Terrorism in Don DeLillo. Studies in the Novel, 36(3), 374-392.

Hervik, P. (2015). Xenophobia and nativism. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2, 796-801.‏

Inbaraj, S. (2002, July 1). Media: Post-Sep. 11 reportage adds to divisions, stereotypes. Global Policy Forum. Retrieved March 14, 2007 from http://www.globalpolicy.org/empire/media/ 2002/0701australia.htm.

Ismail, N. A. H., & Tekke, M. (2016). The Relations between Islam and Secularism: The Impact on Social Behavior in Turkey. International Education Studies, 9(8), 66-74.

Kretsch, A. (2016). The misconception of jihad in America. Undergraduate Library Research Awards. 3

Macfie,A. L. (2002). Orientalism. London: Longman

Majed, H. (2012). Islam and Muslim Identities in Four Contemporary British Novels (Doctoral Thesis), University of Sunderland.

Majed, H. S. (2015). Islamic postcolonialism: Islam and Muslim identities in four contemporary British novels. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ‏

Manning, P. (2003). Australians Imagining Islam. In Muslims and the News Media (pp. 134,140). London: I.B.Tauris.

Mapara, J. (2009). Indigenous knowledge systems in Zimbabwe: Juxtaposing postcolonial theory. Journal of Pan African Studies, 3(1), 140-152.

Marandi, S. M., & Tari, Z. G. (2012). Muslim Representations in Two Post-September 2001 American Novels: A Contrapuntal Reading of Terrorist by John Updike and Falling Man A Novel by Don DeLillo. American Journal of Islam and Society, 29(2), 64-89.

Mashuri, A., & Zaduqisti, E. (2019). Explaining Muslims’ aggressive tendencies towards the West: The role of negative stereotypes, anger, perceived conflict and Islamic fundamentalism. Psychology and Developing Societies, 31(1), 56-87.

Mishra, V., & Hodge, B. (2005). What was postcolonialism? New Literary History, 36(3), 375-402.

Mohanty, C. (1988). Under Western eyes: Feminist scholarship and colonial discourses. Feminist review, 30(1), 61-88.

Noureen, A., Nazar, S., & Mustafa, N. (2020). Historical Misrepresentation of Islam and Muslim: A Descriptive Review of Hollywood. Pakistan Social Sciences Review. 4(2), 680-690.

Paul, S., & Rai, S. K. (2020). Willow trees don’t weep: by Fadia Faqir, London, Heron Books, 2014, ISBN 978-1782069508.

Pöhlmann, S. (2010). Collapsing Identities: The Representation and Imagination of the Terrorist in Falling Man. Terrorism, Media, and the Ethics of Fiction: Transatlantic Perspectives on Don DeLillo Ed. Peter Schneck and Phillip Schweighauser. New York: Continuum, 2010. 51-64.

Porter, L. (2016, December 09). Examining Hollywood's portrayal of Islam. Retrieved March 29, 2020, from https://news.usask.ca/articles/colleges/2016/examining-hollywoods-portrayalof-islam.php.

Ridouani, D. (2011). The representation of Arabs and Muslims in Western media. RUTA Comunicación.‏‏‏‏

Ruby, C. L. (2002). The definition of terrorism. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy (ASAP).

Said, E. (1978). Introduction to Orientalism. London: Penguin Books

Said, E. W.(1997). Covering Islam: How The Media and The Experts Determine How We See The Rest of The World. New York: Pantheon Books.

Said, E. (1978). Orientalism. 25th Anniversary ed. New York: Vintage Books.

Sarnou, D. (2017). Re-thinking the Veil, Jihad and Home in Fadia Faqir’s Willow Trees Don’t Weep (2014). Open Cultural Studies, 1(1), 155-160.

Scanlan, M. (2010). Migrating from Terror: The Postcolonial Novel after September 11, Journal of Postcolonial Writing, 46: 3, 266–278.

Shadid, W., & Koningsveld, P. S. (2002). The negative image of Islam and Muslims in the West: Causes and solutions. Religious freedom and the neutrality of the state: The position of Islam in the European Union, 174-196. https://www.interculturelecommunicatie.com/download/image.pdf

Shaheen, J. (1980). The Arab stereotype on television. The Link, 13(2). Retrieved March 14, 2007 from http://www.ameu.org/summary1.asp?iid=107.

Shaheen, J. (2001). Reel Bad Arabs: How Hollywood Vilifies a People. Northampton, MA: Olive Branch Press.

Sourav Paul & Shri Krishan Rai (2020). Willow trees don’t weep, Asian Journal of Women's Studies, 26:1, 132-136, DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2020.1717077.

Stamenković, S. (2020). The Transnational Memory Of Violence: Terrorism And Identity in Don Delillo’s Falling Man. Aspects Of Transnationality In American Literature And American English, Novi Sad.‏

Sultan, K. (2016). Linking Islam with terrorism: A review of the media framing since 9/11. Global Media Journal: Pakistan Edition, 9(2), 1-10.

Whelan, A. (2011). For the future: An examination of conspiracy and terror in the works of Don DeLillo. doi: https://doi.org/10.57709/1948312

Young, R. (2016). Postcolonialism: An historical introduction. John Wiley & Sons. Oxford University Press.

Yusof, S. H., Fauziah, H., Hassan, S. M., & Osman, M. N. (2013, March). The Framing of International Media on Islam and Terrorism. European Scientific Journal, 9(8), 104-121.

Downloads

Published

2023-01-01

Issue

Section

Articles