The Pragmatic Functions of Emojis in University-Related Facebook Group-Posts: A Gender-Based Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1506.29Keywords:
emojis, Facebook, gender, Jordanian, pragmatic functionsAbstract
The present paper aims to study emojis used by male and female Jordanian university students in university-related Facebook group-posts. More specifically, it aims to reveal the pragmatic functions of emojis used by these students and to see whether they differ based on gender. The sample consists of 100 university-related Facebook group-posts collected from a Facebook group for Jordanian university students. The Facebook group is called Ask Petra University. The researcher collected 100 posts (50 posts by males and 50 posts by females). The data were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The framework that this paper refers to is Yus’s (2014) taxonomy of pragmatic functions of emoticons. The study revealed that the most frequently used emojis by both males and females are the face with tears of joy , the broken heart and the red heart . Some of them were used for the same pragmatic function by both genders. However, the broken heart had different pragmatic functions. The study concludes with some future recommendations and pedagogical implication.
References
Alharbi, A. & Mahzari, M. (2023). The pragmatic functions of emojis in Arabic tweets. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1059672. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1059672
Al Rashdi, F. (2015). Forms and Functions of Emojis in WhatsApp Interaction among Omanis [Unpublished PhD Dissertation]. Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States.
Alshboul, N., and Rababah, L. (2021). The emoji linguistic functions on Facebook interactions among undergraduate students at Jadara University in Jordan. Journal for the Study of English Linguistics, 9, 43–54. 10.5296/jsel.v9i1.18486
Cohn, N., Engelen, J. & Schilperoord, J. (2019). ‘The grammar of emoji? Constraints on communicative pictorial sequencing’. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 4, 33. 10.1186/s41235-019-0177-0
Crystal, D. (2006). Language and the internet. Cambridge University Press.
Dresner, E., & Herring, S. (2010). Functions of the Nonverbal in CMC: Emoticons and Illocutionary Force. Communication Theory, 20(3), 249–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2010.01362.x
Etman, M., & Elkareh, S. (2021). Nonverbal communication and emojis usage in Arabic tweets: a cross-cultural study. Social Networking, 10, 19–28. 10.4236/sn.2021.102002
Gibson, W., Huang, P. & Yu, Q. (2018). ‘Emoji and communicative action: The semiotics, sequence and gestural actions of ‘face covering hand’’. Discourse, Context & Media, 26, 91–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2018.05.005
Hamdan, H. (2022). The Communicative Functions of Emojis: Evidence from Jordanian Arabic-Speaking Facebookers. Psycholinguistics, 31(1), 141–172. 10.31470/2309-1797-2022-31-1-141-172
Inderasari, E., Rohmatika, A. & Kusmanto, H. (2023). Pragmatic functions of emojis in online learning communication: Cyberpragmatics study. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 10(1), 106-115. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v10i1.4215
Li, L. & Yang, Y. (2018). Pragmatic functions of emoji in internet-based communication-A corpus-based. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 3, 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-018-0057-z
Rezabek, L., & Cochenour, J. (1998). Visual cues in computer-mediated communication: supplementing text with emoticons. Journal of Visual Literacy, 18, 201–215. 10.1080/23796529.1998.11674539
Romig, J. M. (2015). Commenting by emoji: A tentative glossary for legal writing professors. Bepress blog. Available at: http://works.bepress.com/jennifermromig/1/ [Accessed November 5, 2022].
Sampietro, A. (2019). Emoji and rapport management in Spanish WhatsApp chats. Journal of Pragmatics, 143, 109-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2019.02.009
Walther, J. & D’Addario, K. (2001). The impacts of emoticons on message interpretation in computer-mediated communication. Social Science Computer Review, 19(3), 324–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/089443930101900307
Yus, F. (2011). Cyberpragmatics: Internet-mediated Communication in Context. John Benjamins.
Yus, F. (2014). Not all emoticons are created equal. Linguagem em (Dis) curso (special issue on relevance theory), 14(3), 511–529. 10.1590/1982-4017-140304-0414